What the Kimberley Process is
The Kimberley Process began in May 2000, and in November 2002 the Certification Scheme was launched and signed by 37 countries. As of 1 January 2024 it had 59 participants representing 85 countries, with the European Union counting as one. The scheme's own figure is that participants prevent 99.8 per cent of the worldwide trade in conflict diamonds. It certifies rough only, so a certificate says where a parcel entered the legal trade, not where the finished ring on a shop counter was cut.
What a diamond is
Diamond is the cubic form of carbon and, as a naturally occurring solid, a mineral from the element class. It is the hardest natural material known, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale, which is why it is used for cutting and grinding tools as much as for jewellery. Hardness is not toughness: a diamond will scratch anything, and it will still cleave if it is struck along the wrong plane.
The standard we are measured against
Beyond the Kimberley Process there is the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas, third edition 2016. It sets out a five step framework for companies sourcing minerals, and unlike the Kimberley Process it covers the whole chain rather than the rough export alone. Anyone assessing a supplier in this trade will ask about it.